Yeshua's ties with Judaism

[mosheli]

There were recently two topics "was Jesus a christian?" on Historum forum and "Jesus vs Judaism" on World Historia forum, which sparked my interest about Jesus' Jewishness. I thought this might be a good topic here. I see there is already a similar thread on Yeshua's Halacha, but this is a slighty different/wider topic not just confined to halacha and so this is a new topic/thread. Here are some comparisons of Jesus' teachings etc with earlier, contemporary or later teachers and teachings of mainstream Judaism, including 2 from the Yeshua's halacha thread. I would be very interested in any more anyone else can add (and I am sure more experienced and knowledgeable Messianic Jews will know alot more Jewish sources than I do).

Yeshua/Jesus: "love your neighbour as yourself", "do unto others as would have done to you".

Judaism: "Love your neighbour as yourself" Leviticus 19:18.
"That which is hateful to you, do not do to your fellow. That is the whole ; the rest is the explanation; go and learn." (Hillel? or Gamaliel?)
" What is hateful to you, do not do to your neighbor " - the Babylonian Talmud.

Yeshua/Jesus: "what use is it if you gain the world but loose your soul?"

Judaism: "As Hillel the Elder had stated, whosoever destroys a soul, it is considered as if he destroyed an entire world. And whosoever that saves a life, it is considered as if he saved an entire world."

Yeshua/Jesus: "store up treasures in heaven [not on earth where moths/rust/thieves]"

Judaism: Monobaz II (ca 55 ad/ce) said: "My fathers stored up below and I am storing up above... My fathers stored in a place which can be tampered with, but I have stored in a place which cannot be tampered with... My fathers gathered treasures of money and I have gathered treasures of souls...".

Yeshua/Jesus: supposed son of Joseph, was a great teacher & healer / miracle worker esp in Galilee.

Judaism: "O Jose ha-Gelili / Yose the Galilean, heal me!"

Jesus: "I require mercy (or loving kindness) not sacrifice"

Judaism: "We have another, equally important source of atonement, the practice of gemilut hasadim (loving kindness), as it is stated 'I desire loving kindness and not sacrifice'." - Rabban Yochanan.

Yeshua: Insulting someone is tantamount to murder. - Matt. 5:21-22

Pharisees: "He who publicly shames his neighbour is as though he shed blood." - Talmud: Bava Mezia 58b

Yeshua: Betrayal of your fellow man is likened to betrayal of HaShem. - Matt. 25:45

Pharisees: "One who betrays his fellow, it is as if he has betrayed God. - Tosefta Sh'vuot ch. 3

[alon]

Apr 5, 2021 15:25:32 GMT -8 mosheli said:

"That which is hateful to you, do not do to your fellow. That is the whole Torah; the rest is the explanation; go and learn." (Hillel? or Gamaliel?)
" What is hateful to you, do not do to your neighbor " - the Babylonian Talmud.

Gamaliel was the grandson of Hillel the Elder, so take your pick. But great topic!

While it’s interesting to look at other Jewish writings, don’t forget the TNK! Yeshua apparently quoted from 24 different Old Testament books. But which version? According to How Jesus quoted the Old Testament:
bible.ca/b-canon-jesus-favored-old-testament-textual-manuscript.htm

B. Agreements with the Septuagint
Jesus' scripture quotations and allusions sometime agree with the Septuagint against the proto-Masoretic Hebrew.
1.      Jesus' quotation of Isa 29:13 is quite septuagintal, both in form and meaning (cf. Mark 7:6-7).
2.      The identification of John the Baptist as Elijah who "restores" (apokathistanei) all things (Mark 9:12) seems dependent on the Septuagint form (apokatastesei), or at least a Septuagintal form of Hebrew, not the proto-Masoretic Hebrew, which reads hshyb ("return" or "turn back"). Curiously, both of these elements are found in Sir 48:10, in which the returning Elijah is expected "to turn [Septuagint: epistrepsai; Hebrew: lush},b] the heart of the father to the son, and to restore [Septuagint: katastesai; Hebrew: lhkyn] the tribes of Jacob." Both elements may well have been present in the original Hebrew version of Sirach.
3.      The quotation of Ps 8:3 (ET 8:2) in Matt 21:16 follows the Septuagint. But this may be the work of the evangelist.
4.      Finally, the highly important allusions to phrases from Isa 35:5-6; 26:19; and 61:1 in Matt 11:5 = Luke 7:22 agree in places with the Septuagint.
Of course, agreements with the Septuagint no longer require us to think that Jesus read or quoted the Septuagint. Thanks to the Bible scrolls of the Dead Sea region, we now know that there were Hebrew Vorlagen underlying much of the Greek Old Testament. Indeed, there are examples where Jesus' quotations of and allusions to scripture agree with some Greek versions against others. Jesus' use of the Bible attests the diversity of the textual tradition that now, thanks to the Scrolls, is more fully documented."

They are saying it’s all based in the Hebrew texts, so it all agrees (as much as a translation can agree). So ESV, NASB, NLT ... take your pick. (Note- I have no idea what version most of these use, so I wrote it up without that notation; sorry.) Here are some I found:

and they said to him, “Do you hear what these are saying?” And Jesus said to them, “Yes; have you never read, ‘Out of the mouth of infants and nursing babies you have prepared praise’?” (Matthew 21:16)
Out of the mouth of babies and infants, you have established strength because of your foes, to still the enemy and the avenger. (Psalms 8:2)

Jesus said to them, “Have you never read in the Scriptures: ‘The stone that the builders rejected has become the cornerstone; this was the Lord’s doing, and it is marvelous in our eyes’?” (Matthew 21:42, cf. Mark 12:10, 11, Luke 20:17)
The stone that the builders rejected has become the cornerstone. This is the Lord’s doing; it is marvelous in our eyes.            (Psalms 118:22-23)

He said to them, “How is it then that David, in the Spirit, calls him Lord, saying, ‘The Lord said to my Lord, Sit at my right hand, until I put your enemies under your feet’?” (Matthew 22:43-44, cf. Mark 12:36, Luke 20:42, 43)
The Lord says to my Lord: “Sit at my right hand, until I make your enemies your footstool.” (Psalms 110:1)

And he said to him, “You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind. This is the great and first commandment. And a second is like it: You shall love your neighbor as yourself.” (Mat 22:37-39, cf. Mark 12:28-34)
You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your might. (Deuteronomy 6:5, cf. Leviticus 19:18)

“The Spirit of the Lord is upon me, because he has anointed me to proclaim good news to the poor. He has sent me to proclaim liberty to the captives and recovering of sight to the blind, to set at liberty those who are oppressed, to proclaim the year of the Lord’s favor” Today this Scripture has been fulfilled in your hearing. (Luke 4:17-19, 21)
The Spirit of the Lord God is upon me, because the Lord has anointed me to bring good news to the poor; he has sent me to bind up the brokenhearted, to proclaim liberty to the captives, and the opening of the prison to those who are bound; to proclaim the year of the Lord’s favor, and the day of vengeance of our God; to comfort all who mourn; ... (Isaiah 61:1-2)

And he said to him, “Why do you ask me about what is good? There is only one who is good. If you would enter life, keep the commandments.” He said to him, “Which ones?” And Jesus said, “You shall not murder, You shall not commit adultery, You shall not steal, You shall not bear false witness, Honor your father and mother, and, You shall love your neighbor as yourself.” The young man said to him, “All these I have kept. What do I still lack?” (Matthew 19:17-20, cf. Mark 10:19, Luke 18:20)
“Honor your father and your mother, that your days may be long in the land that the Lord your God is giving you. You shall not murder. You shall not commit adultery. You shall not steal. You shall not bear false witness against your neighbor.” (Ex 20:12-16, cf. Deuteronomy 5:16-20, Leviticus 19:18)

“And as for the resurrection of the dead, have you not read what was said to you by God: ‘I am the God of Abraham, and the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob’? He is not God of the dead, but of the living.” (Matthew 22:31-32, cf. Mark 12:26, 27, Luke 20:37-38)
And he said, “I am the God of your father, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob.” And Moses hid his face, for he was afraid to look at God. (Exodus 3:6)

But he answered, “It is written, ‘Man shall not live by bread alone, but by every word that comes from the mouth of God.’” (Mat4:4, cf. Luke 4:4)
And he humbled you and let you hunger and fed you with manna, which you did not know, nor did your fathers know, that he might make you know that man does not live by bread alone, but man lives by every word that comes from the mouth of the Lord. (Deuteronomy 8:3)

Jesus said to him, “Again it is written, ‘You shall not put the Lord your God to the test.’” (Matthew 4:7; cf. Luke 4:12)
“You shall not put the Lord your God to the test, as you tested him at Massah.” (Deuteronomy 6:16)

Then Jesus said to him, “Be gone, Satan! For it is written, ‘You shall worship the Lord your God and him only shall you serve.’” (Matthew 4:10, cf. Luke 4:8)
It is the Lord your God you shall fear. Him you shall serve and by his name you shall swear. (Deuteronomy 6:13)

“You have heard that it was said to those of old, ‘You shall not murder; and whoever murders will be liable to judgment.’ ” (Mat 5:21)
“You shall not murder.” (Exodus 20:13)

“You have heard that it was said, ‘You shall not commit adultery.’” (Matthew 5:27)
“You shall not commit adultery.” (Exodus 20:14; Deuteronomy 5:18)

“It was also said, ‘Whoever divorces his wife, let him give her a certificate of divorce.’” (Matthew 5:31)
“When a man takes a wife and marries her, if then she finds no favor in his eyes because he has found some indecency in her, and he writes her a certificate of divorce and puts it in her hand and sends her out of his house . . . (Deuteronomy 24:1)

“Again you have heard that it was said to those of old, ‘You shall not swear falsely, but shall perform to the Lord what you have sworn.’” (Matthew 5:33)
If a man vows a vow to the Lord, or swears an oath to bind himself by a pledge, he shall not break his word. He shall do according to all that proceeds out of his mouth. (Numbers 30:2; cf. Deuteronomy 23:21)

“You have heard that it was said, ‘An eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth.’” (Matthew 5:38)
But if there is harm, then you shall pay life for life, eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot, burn for burn, wound for wound, stripe for stripe. (Exodus 21:23-25; cf. Leviticus 24:19-20, Deuteronomy 19:21)

He answered them, “And why do you break the commandment of God for the sake of your tradition? For God commanded, ‘Honor your father and your mother,’ and, ‘Whoever reviles father or mother must surely die.’ But you say, ‘If anyone tells his father or his mother, “What you would have gained from me is given to God,”he need not honor his father.’ So for the sake of your tradition you have made void the word of God.” (Matthew 15:1-6; cf. Mark 7:10)
“Honor your father and your mother, that your days may be long in the land that the Lord your God is giving you.” (Exodus 20:12, cf. Exodus 21:17)

He answered, “Have you not read that he who created them from the beginning made them male and female, and said, ‘Therefore a man shall leave his father and his mother and hold fast to his wife, and the two shall become one flesh’? So they are no longer two but one flesh. What therefore God has joined together, let not man separate.” (Matthew 19:4-6, cf. Mark 10:6-8)
So God created man in his own image, in the image of God he created him; male and female he created them. (Genesis 1:27)
Therefore a man shall leave his father and his mother and hold fast to his wife, and they shall become one flesh. (Genesis 2:24)

“In your Law it is written that the testimony of two people is true. I am the one who bears witness about myself, and the Father who sent me bears witness about me.” (John 8:12-13, 17-18)
On the evidence of two witnesses or of three witnesses the one who is to die shall be put to death; a person shall not be put to death on the evidence of one witness. (Deuteronomy 17:6, cf. Deuteronomy 19:15)

“Go and learn what this means: ‘I desire mercy, and not sacrifice.’ For I came not to call the righteous, but sinners.” (Matthew 9:13, cf. Matthew 12:7)
For I desire steadfast love and not sacrifice, the knowledge of God rather than burnt offerings. (Hosea 6:6)

For I have come to set a man against his father, and a daughter against her mother, and a daughter-in-law against her mother-in-law. And a person’s enemies will be those of his own household. (Matthew 10:35-36, cf. Luke 12:52, 53)
For the son treats the father with contempt, the daughter rises up against her mother, the daughter-in-law against her mother-in-law; a man’s enemies are the men of his own house. (Micah 7:6)

This is he of whom it is written, “Behold, I send my messenger before your face, who will prepare your way before you.”       (Matthew 11:10; cf. Luke 7:27)
“Behold, I send my messenger, and he will prepare the way before me. And the Lord whom you seek will suddenly come to his temple; and the messenger of the covenant in whom you delight, behold, he is coming, says the Lord of hosts. (Malachi 3:1)

Indeed, in their case the prophecy of Isaiah is fulfilled that says: “You will indeed hear but never understand, and you will indeed see but never perceive.” For this people’s heart has grown dull, and with their ears they can barely hear, and their eyes they have closed, lest they should see with their eyes and hear with their ears and understand with their heart and turn, and I would heal them.” (Matthew 13:14-15, cf. Mark 4:11-13, Luke 8:10)
And he said, “Go, and say to this people: ‘Keep on hearing, but do not understand; keep on seeing, but do not perceive.’ Make the heart of this people dull, and their ears heavy, and blind their eyes; lest they see with their eyes, and hear with their ears, and understand with their hearts, and turn and be healed.” (Isaiah 6:9-10)

“You hypocrites! Well did Isaiah prophesy of you, when he said: ‘This people honors me with their lips, but their heart is far from me; in vain do they worship me, teaching as doctrines the commandments of men.’ ” (Matthew 15:7-9, cf. Mark 7:6-7)
And the Lord said: “Because this people draw near with their mouth and honor me with their lips, while their hearts are far from me, and their fear of me is a commandment taught by men, ...” (Isaiah 29:13)

He said to them, “It is written, ‘My house shall be called a house of prayer,’ but you make it a den of robbers.” (Matthew 21:13, cf. Mark 11:17, Luke 19:46)
. . . these I will bring to my holy mountain, and make them joyful in my house of prayer; their burnt offerings and their sacrifices will be accepted on my altar; for my house shall be called a house of prayer for all peoples.” (Isaiah 56:7)
Has this house, which is called by my name, become a den of robbers in your eyes? Behold, I myself have seen it, declares the Lord. (Jeremiah 7:11)

Then Jesus said to them, “You will all fall away because of me this night. For it is written, ‘I will strike the shepherd, and the sheep of the flock will be scattered.’” (Matthew 26:31, cf. Mark 14:27)
“Awake, O sword, against my shepherd, against the man who stands next to me,” declares the Lord of hosts. “Strike the shepherd, and the sheep will be scattered. . . .” (Zechariah 13:7)

“For I tell you that this Scripture must be fulfilled in me: ‘And he was numbered with the transgressors.’ For what is written about me has its fulfillment.” (Luke 22:37)
Therefore I will divide him a portion with the many, and he shall divide the spoil with the strong, because he poured out his soul to death and was numbered with the transgressors; yet he bore the sin of many, and makes intercession for the transgressors.    (Isaiah 53:12)

It is written in the Prophets, ‘And they will all be taught by God.’ Everyone who has heard and learned from the Father comes to me ...' (John 6:45)
All your children shall be taught by the Lord, and great shall be the peace of your children. (Isaiah 54:13)

I am not speaking of all of you; I know whom I have chosen. But the Scripture will be fulfilled, ‘He who ate my bread has lifted his heel against me.’” (John 13:18)
Even my close friend in whom I trusted, who ate my bread, has lifted his heel against me. (Psalms 41:9)

And he shall make a strong covenant with many for one week, and for half of the week he shall put an end to sacrifice and offering. And on the wing of abominations shall come one who makes desolate, until the decreed end is poured out on the desolator.     (Daniel 9:27)
Forces from him shall appear and profane the temple and fortress, and shall take away the regular burnt offering. And they shall set up the abomination that makes desolate. (Daniel 11:31; cf. 12:11)

Jesus answered them, “Is it not written in your Law, ‘I said, you are gods’?” If he called them gods to whom the word of God came—and Scripture cannot be broken—do you say of him whom the Father consecrated and sent into the world, ‘You are blaspheming,’ because I said, ‘I am the Son of God’? (John 10:34-36)
I said, “You are gods, sons of the Most High, all of you; nevertheless, like men you shall die, and fall like any prince.(Psalms 82:6-7)

“But the word that is written in their Law must be fulfilled: ‘They hated me without a cause.’ ” (John 15:25)
Let not those rejoice over me who are wrongfully my foes, and let not those wink the eye who hate me without cause. (Psalms 35:19, cf. Psalm 69:4)

And about the ninth hour Jesus cried out with a loud voice, saying, “Eli, Eli, lema sabachthani?” that is, “My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?” (Matthew 27:46, cf. Mark 15:34)
My God, my God, why have you forsaken me? Why are you so far from saving me, from the words of my groaning? (Psalms 22:1)


Some quotes also align with Apocryphal writings:

“store up for yourselves treasures in heaven, where neither moth nor rust consumes and where thieves do not break in and steal.” (Matthew 6:19-20)
Lose your silver for the sake of a brother or a friend, and do not let it rust under a stone and be lost. Lay up your treasure according to the commandments of the Most High, and it will profit you more than gold. (Sirach 29:10-11)

“In everything do to others as you would have them do to you;” (Matthew 7:12)
What you hate, do not do to others. (Tobit 4:15)

“you will know them by their fruits” (Matthew 7:16,20)
Its fruit discloses the cultivation of a tree. (Sirach 27:6)

“And I tell you, you are Peter, and on this rock I will build my church, and the gates of Hades will not prevail against it.” (Matthew 16:18)
For you have power over life and death; you lead mortals down to the gates of Hades and back again. (Hebrew references to the gates of Sheol in Job 38:17 and Isaiah 38:10 is translated to “gates of Hades” in the Septuagint) (Wisdom 16:13)

He replied, “It is not for you to know the times or periods that the Father has set by his own authority. (Acts 1:7)
she (wisdom) has foreknowledge of signs and wonders and of the outcome of seasons and times. (Wisdom 8:8)

Jesus said to them, “I am the bread of life. Whoever comes to me will never be hungry, and whoever believes in me will never be thirsty. (John 6:35-59)
Those who eat of me (wisdom) will hunger for more, and those who drink of me will thirst for more. (Sirach 24:21)

Since the Apocryphal writings draw from the TNK, many say He was not quoting from te Apochrypha. I say agreement is agreement, so it counts! I am not however arguing the Apocryphal books shold be canon. Still, there is some good information in them.

There are at least that many more quotes used in the NT text, but they were not specifically used by Yeshua. There are also a lot of agreement/quotes from the TNK, but those just as obviously are not applicable here.

[mosheli]

Sorry I've been like under attack these last days in addition to long ongoing troubles so I haven't been able to give alot of attention to this topic & other forum posts. I don't have any more examples to post right now until I do some more study.

From your listed correspondences its pretty amazing & convicting how important the Tanak/Scriptures/Word/Bible are both to Yeshua/Jesus and to Judaism (and to us). (Interesting that that also means Moshe/Moses etc played a big part in writing the scriptures which Yeshua used and we use.)

(The reminds me, I wrote a blog post on analogies of Moses and Yeshua/Jesus which might perhaps be relevant to this topic.)